Monica Ashley free essay sample

For what reason do you believe that Monica Ashley was so keen on pushing so difficult to execute Project Hippocrates? What made her keen on the task? From the outset Monica was not keen on driving Project Hippocrates, she expected on climbing in the positions inside her organization. Notwithstanding, she was known for power and vitality when chipping away at a venture and calculated that she would give herself wholeheartedly to the undertaking and maybe after one all the more prominent achievement she could move out of program/venture the board. Additionally, Monica accepted that the President Gary Dorr needed her to run the Hippocrates venture and knew her as a determined worker, who might move anybody and break down broad information to back up her contentions. It appeared that the administration she regarded endowed her with this task and she was not going to allow them to down. For what reason was Monica driving so difficult to comply with her purposeful time constraints? Monica battled to comply with her time constraints since she accepted that fulfilling those time constraints, and introducing genuine information would be the best approach to prevail upon administration when it came down to settling on key choices in regards to the information that she was introducing. We will compose a custom article test on Monica Ashley or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page She burned through no time making political associations, rather centered all her vitality around complying with time constraints to accomplish the more prominent objective of earning senior initiative purchase in behind her and her thoughts. Who were the key players that Monica expected to cooperate with to make Project Hippocrates Successful? How did every one of them see the task? Who was strong of Monica and the undertaking and who was most certainly not? What was essential to every one of the players? The key players were Gary Dorr, President, Ralph Parker, VP of Signal Processor Design, Dan Stella, VP of Maj. Creation Line Design, ED Kane, a director answering to Ralph Parker. Gary Dorr saw the venture as key to the association and trusted Monica to make progress as she had previously, however during the task he exchanged his view definitely as she didn't notice his recommendation in regards to her showdowns with Ralph Parker. As President, Gary likely expected Monica to assemble a relationship with Parker, anyway she never endeavored to, rather went up against and reacted straightforwardly to Parkers face to face encounters. The project’s achievement was vital to Gary, and his associations with the clients and with his pioneers are likewise significant. Ralph Parker had an alternate method of getting to the final product, and because of that variety and his demeanor which was known to be harsh, Monica never moved toward him to fabricate a relationship preceding running the venture. She really conflicted with his methodologies constructing a case with information, rather than asking his assessment during and before key choice focuses. Ralph never preferred Monica’s style or approach, and didn't accept that her redistributing answers were directly for the business. He was an obstruction to Monica at each gathering and experience. ED Kane was taking bearing from Ralph and obviously battling for his team’s item and his team’s voices to be heard. Monica had adopted a strategy of prohibition and in this manner Kane was not purchased in. He was an extreme enemy as he was educated and vocal, and was battling for his living in the organization. Dan Stella, Monica’s supervisor was uninvolved yet in general steady of Monica. Anyway his interchanges to her were deciphered as obscure and keeping in mind that he bolstered her he didn't mentor Monica on building connections and collecting purchase in from key gatherings and partners earlier and during the task. Dan was a hands-off pioneer who might profit enormously from venture achievement. What were Monica’s qualities and shortcomings in overseeing Project Hippocrates? What did she progress nicely and where did she turn out badly? Monica had numerous qualities in dealing with the venture. She immediately understood the requirement for change and burned through no time in investigating every single accessible datum and deciding a way. She could perform multiple tasks well, was engaged, and oozed certainty. She was difficult for herself which is a quality yet just to a point. Monica’s fundamental shortcoming was that she didn't comprehend or appear to need to comprehend the individuals behind the task. She was so information driven and didn't set aside the effort to connect with the key players, or fabricate a feeling of cohesiveness around her thoughts and information. She concentrated well on the little picture however did not have the 10,000 foot view center that was required for a cross utilitarian task this size. Monica likewise depended on a couple of connections to bring her through the venture, a misstep since these connections would have supported her as they had recently had she experienced the vital politicking. What could Monica have done any other way to make the usage procedure for Project Hippocrates less disagreeable? Monica had extraordinary thoughts, however she could have rather assembled her staff and Parker’s staff and had a meeting to generate new ideas maybe drilling down the advantages and disadvantages of every potential undertaking track with every key player in the room. At that point everybody could voice their assessments in a non-incomplete discussion. Obviously Monica and others could introduce information, and their convictions, yet whatever choice was made at this lower level, it would in any event have more purchase in because of the idea of the conversation. Monica could have invested more energy building associations with key pioneers and introduced her information in a less forceful way. What are the suggestions for Monica? Would it be advisable for her to search for work with another organization? I probably would look somewhere else. Monica’s notoriety is discolored for the present. However, she is a fantastic representative, with extraordinary thoughts, and has taken in the intricate details of authority from this experience. Her abilities could be exceptionally esteemed somewhere else and on the off chance that she invests energy building key connections just as concentrating on information and keeping up her hard working attitude, she could be important to another association. She would leave her notoriety at Heal, inc. , and proceed onward. It may likewise be a decent an ideal opportunity for her to search for a position of authority, though Heal, inc. probably won't hop to place her in such a position.

Derivative and Its Impact on Stock Market

A Paper Presentation Derivative and its effect on capital market Derivative and its effect on capital market On Prepared by Ms. Vidhi Joshi Asst. Educator MBA Department T. N. Rao school of Management Studies Rajkot 1. Prologue to Derivative: The speed with which Indian capital market, corporate account, banking and speculation money has seen a significant change and auxiliary change from the previous multi decade and this adjustment as of late has brought forth another order that has come to be known as Financial Engineering. Money related building includes the structure, the turn of events, and the execution of inventive budgetary instruments and forms, and the detailing of innovative answers for issues in account. The most recent decade has seen the presentation of ‘derivatives’ as an inventive money related instrument in the Indian markets. One of the significant destinations of these changes was to bring the Indian capital market up to a specific global norm. Because of such transforming process, one of the noteworthy advance taken in the optional market is the presentation of subsidiary items in two significant Indian stock trades viz. National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) , so as to give instruments to hazard the board to financial specialists and to improve the educational effectiveness of the money advertise. A subsidiary is budgetary instrument whose worth is ‘derived’ from another fundamental security or a crate of protections the basic is the distinguishing proof tag for a subordinate agreement. Subordinates are instruments of hazard supporting. In the Indian setting the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (SCRA) characterizes â€Å"derivative† as a security that is gotten from an obligation instrument, share, advance whether made sure about or unbound, chance instrument or agreement for contrasts or some other type of security, same as an agreement which gets its incentive from the costs, or list of costs, of fundamental protections. Subsidiary items incorporates fates, advances, alternatives and trades, and these can be joined with one another or customary protections and advances to make half and half instruments. At the end of the day, a future agreement is a normalized understanding between the dealer (short position holder) of the agreement and the purchaser (long position holder), exchanged on a fates trade, to purchase or sell a specific hidden instrument at a specific date later on, at a pre-set cost. The future date is known as the conveyance date or last settlement date. The pre-set cost is known as the fates cost. The cost of the hidden resource on the conveyance date is known as the settlement cost. Value subordinates exchanging began on June 9, 2000 with presentation of stock list prospects by Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). National Stock Exchange (NSE) additionally initiated its exchanging on 12 June, 2000 dependent on S&P Nifty. Exchanging on NIFTY prospects was presented on the twelfth of July 2000. Exchanging on stock prospects was presented in the NSE in the ninth November, 2001. Accordingly, different items like stock fates on singular protections, record alternatives and choices on singular protections were presented. Forward Contract: A Forward Contract is an exchange wherein the purchaser and the merchant concur upon a conveyance of a particular quality and amount of benefit generally a product at a predefined future date. The cost might be conceded to progress of time or in future. † Future Contract: It includes a commitment on both the gatherings I. e. the purchaser and the vender to satisfy the conditions of the agreement (I. e. these are pre-decided agreements entered today for a date later on) * Obligation to purchase or sell * Stated amount * At a particular cost * Stated date (Expiration Date) Marked to Market every day Options: An Options contract gives the privilege yet not the commitment to purchase (call alternative) or sell (put choice) a predetermined fundamental instrument or resource at a predefined cost †the Strike or Exercised cost up until or a predetermined future date †the Expiry date. † The Price is called Premium and is paid by purchaser of the alterna tive to the vender or essayist of the choice. † Types of alternative * Call Option * Put choice Put Option: The option to sell a fates contract. It gives assurance against falling costs and furthermore sets a base value target. Call Option: The option to purchase a fates contract. It secures against rising costs and it additionally permits support in occasional value rises. Trade: Swap is an agreement between two gatherings to trade a lot of incomes over a pre-decided timeframe. Model ‘A’ consents to pay money dependent on the pace of return of a concurred financial exchange file to the subsequent counter gathering ‘B’. Members in Derivatives Market: 1. Hedgers: They use subordinates markets to lessen or dispose of the hazard related with cost of a benefit. Larger part of the members in subsidiaries advertise has a place with this classification. 2. Theorists: They execute prospects and choices agreements to get additional influence in wagering on future developments in the cost of an advantage. They can increment both the potential increases and potential misfortunes by use of subordinates in a theoretical endeavor. 3. Arbitrageurs: Their conduct is guided by the longing to exploit an error between costs of pretty much similar resources or contending resources in various markets. On the off chance that, for instance, they see the prospects cost of a benefit escaping line with the money value, they will take counterbalancing positions in the two markets to secure a benefit. Utilizations of Financial Derivatives: Some of the uses of monetary subordinates can be counted as follows: 1. The executives of hazard: This is most significant capacity of subordinates. Hazard the executives isn't about the disposal of hazard rather it is about the administration of hazard. Monetary subsidiaries give an amazing asset to constraining dangers that people and associations face in the normal lead of their organizations. It requires an exhaustive comprehension of the essential rules that manage the valuing of money related subordinates. Powerful utilization of subordinates can spare expense, and it can build returns for the associations. 2. Productivity in exchanging: Financial subordinates take into account free exchanging of hazard parts and that prompts improving business sector effectiveness. Merchants can utilize a situation in at least one budgetary subordinates as a substitute for a situation in the basic instruments. In numerous examples, dealers see money related subordinates as a more appealing instrument than the basic security. This is for the most part a direct result of the more noteworthy measure of liquidity in the market offered by subordinates just as the lower exchange costs related with exchanging a budgetary subsidiary when contrasted with the expenses of exchanging the fundamental instrument money advertise. 3. Theory: This isn't the main use, and presumably not the most significant use, of money related subordinates. Budgetary subsidiaries are viewed as hazardous. If not utilized appropriately, these can prompts money related annihilation in an association like what occurred in Barings Plc. In any case, these instruments go about as an amazing instrument for learned brokers to open themselves to determined and surely knew hazards looking for a prize, that is, benefit. 4. Cost find: Another significant use of subsidiaries is the value disclosure which means uncovering data about future money showcase costs through the prospects advertise. Subordinates markets give an instrument by which various and dispersed assessments of future are gathered into one promptly perceptible number which gives an accord of educated reasoning. Inspiration FOR THE STUDY In the most recent decade, many developing and change economies have begun presenting subsidiary agreements. Approach producers and controllers in these business sectors are worried about the effect of fates on the hidden money showcase. One reason for this worry is the conviction that prospects exchanging pull in theorists who at that point destabilize spot costs. Since fates empower theory, the discussion on the effect of examiners heightened when prospects contracts were first presented for exchanging, starting with ware fates and proceeding onward to money related fates. Before further guidelines are presented, it is basic to decide if in certainty there is a causal connection between the presentation of fates and spot showcase instability. It, in this way becomes basic that we look for answers to addresses like: What is the effect of subordinates upon advertise proficiency and liquidity of the basic money showcase? What exactly degree do subsidiaries destabilize the monetary framework, and by what method should these dangers be tended to? Will the outcomes from investigations of created markets be stretched out to developing markets? Capital Market and Derivative portion in Indian Stock Market: Today Indian financial exchange is sound as far as members from all segments, colossal turnover and number of recorded organizations. Money portion and subordinate section both have developed with one another. NSE and BSE are the significant trades. Throughout the years Indian financial exchange has modernized with the utilization of high present day Information and Communication innovation. Subordinate instruments have become an integral part of business world. Today, subordinate instruments are utilized in all business sectors, for example, remote trade, shares, products and so on. New, advanced, intricate and intriguing apparatuses are being created in various markets. The creative subsidiary instruments have been created in such a way, that these are utilized even by a typical man. In spite of the fact that subsidiaries have been in presence for long in past in some structure yet present day modern, normalized subordinate items. Development of Derivatives Market in India: Equity subsidiaries showcase in India has enrolled a â€Å"explosive growth† and is relied upon to proceed with the equivalent in the years to come. Presented

How to Style Titles of Compositions

Step by step instructions to Style Titles of Compositions Step by step instructions to Style Titles of Compositions Step by step instructions to Style Titles of Compositions By Mark Nichol Exploring the organizing rules about titles of structures books and parts, motion pictures and TV shows, collections and melodies, and such can appear arranging a minefield. Here’s a convenient guide to assist you with moving through the landscape: In print, two essential organizations exist for recognizing an inventive work. Titles of whole assortments of work, for example, a book, a TV arrangement, or a collection are regularly stressed, while titles for parts of each book sections, TV scenes, or tunes are normally encased in quotes. Sufficiently simple, however shouldn't something be said about manifestations, for example, works of art and sonnets? A composition is a discrete work, however it is additionally regularly shown as a feature of a display. What do you do? For this situation, emphasize the painting’s title yet style the title of the display in roman, or standard, type. (Be that as it may, single antiquated centerpieces, for example, the Venus de Milo, are basically styled in roman.) As for short sonnets gathered in a treasury, style their titles like those of book parts, however emphasize the titles of book-length sonnets. Photos are viewed as components of a bigger work, for example, a book or a presentation, and their titles are essentially encased in quotes. What's more, shouldn't something be said about capitalization? For the most part, in a title, consistently underwrite the first and final words paying little mind to grammatical feature, in addition to things, pronouns, action words, descriptors, verb modifiers, and long conjunctions (those other than and, however, for, nor, as well as.) Lowercase relational words (over, under, through, and so on.) except if they are vital to the title (A Walk Through Time) or as a feature of a verb-modifying or descriptive expression (Turn Up the Volume). The underlying positive or uncertain article in a title can be appropriated by a nonitalicized article on the off chance that it clashes with the sentence structure. For instance, compose â€Å"The Wizard of Oz book recording is a best-seller.† But on the off chance that this style looks unbalanced, simply loosen up the sentence: â€Å"The book recording adaptation of The Wizard of Oz is a best-seller.† Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Style classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Expanded and ExtendedStarting a Business Letter with Dear Mr.

Cultural Changes the Effect on Art Free Essays

Social Changes: The Effect on Art You’re a craftsman during WWI, bombs detonating all over the place, honest individuals even youngsters losing their lives, by what method will you express your serious indignation and bitterness towards the occasions that are occurring? The disappointment towards war and other social, political or social changes can achieve various reactions from various individuals. With regards to workmanship, craftsmanship developments are made out of the requirement for individuals to convey their responses to these changes. Regardless of whether they appreciate them or scorn them, their focal objective is to show how they feel about them. We will compose a custom paper test on Social Changes: the Effect on Art or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now I’m going to begin with the craftsmanship development Dadaism. This development was generally between the long periods of 1916-1924. A portion of the significant craftsmen were Jean Arp, Marcel Duchamp, George Grosz, Francis Picabia and Man Ray. The Dadaism development was a dissent against the ruthlessness of the War and the severity in both craftsmanship and regular society (Dadaism, n. d. ). Craftsmen were so tired of regular daily existence that they did all that they could to conflict with the standard when it came to craftsmanship. Whatever workmanship represented at that point, Dada spoke to the direct inverse. On the off chance that workmanship was proposed to have a message, Dada went all out to have no significance. With the request for the world pulverized by World War I, Dada was an approach to communicate the disarray that was felt by numerous individuals as their reality was turned upside down† (Dadaism, n. d. ). These craftsmen utilized any open medium the y could discover to allegorically spit on patriotism, realism, realism and some other - ism that they felt added to a silly war (Esaak, n. d. ). They utilized this as an approach to fight the war and other social shameful acts. They felt if society was going to deal with issues by doing battle, they didn’t need anything to do with society or its traditions particularly when it came to workmanship. Utilizing an early type of Shock Art, the Dadaists push gentle obscenities, dirty amusingness, visual jokes and regular items (renamed as â€Å"art†) into the open eye† (Esaak, n. d. ). One of the specialists even painted a mustache on the Mona Lisa and made disgusting notes underneath. The people group was totally appalled, which the specialists discovered exceptionally promising in light of the fact that that was the response they were focusing on. Dada was wanted to incite a passionate response of stun or outrage and once it did not do anymore, it got futile. My subs equent development is Futurism. This development was generally between the long periods of 1907-1944. A portion of the significant craftsmen were Giacomo Balla, Umberto Boccioni, Kasimir Malevich, and Liubov Popova. â€Å"Futurism was introduced as an innovator development commending the mechanical, future era† (Futurism, n. d. ). These craftsmen needed to speak to craftsmanship as far as the innovative age. They despised working class ethics and the thoughts of the past. They additionally needed to speak to workmanship totally unique in relation to the sappiness of Romanticism. Futurism celebrated war and upheld the improvement of Fascism. It reprimanded customary traditionalism, requested social changes, and called attention to the entirety of the issues of a degenerate government (McLaughlin, n. . ). The Futurist painters utilized reiteration of lines, wide scope of points, splendid hues, and streaming brush strokes to make a component of time and the deception of development. (Futurism, n. d. ). Futurists flourished with the impersonation of speed, commotion, and machines (McLaughlin, n. d. ). It grasped everything that the new world was making and utilized new methods and innovation to deliver the work. The idea of futurism was expected to prompt open annoyance and wonder, to animate contention, and to pull in far reaching consideration (Pioch, 2002). My third development is Fascism and Socialist Realism. This development was generally between the long periods of 1920-1940. The extremist structure style passed on force and control (Order from Stone, n. d. ). This is something that is totally normal for Nazi standards. It was likewise another path for Hitler to demonstrate his capacity to the world. The structures should have been amazing and scaring to communicate Nazi standards of request and quality (Order from Stone, n. d. ). Draftsmen utilized obvious exteriors with sections, pilasters, and clean lines for a monstrous scope to make another tasteful (Order from Stone, n. . ). â€Å"They developed a tasteful of request, utilizing negligible beautification and stressing straight lines† (Order from Stone, n. d. ). Balance was imperative to Hitler since this was accepted to make the picture of request. Hitler needed the structures to be strong and observable portrayals of Nazi standards. Hitler additionally worked with desig ners to make gigantic get together lobbies and grounds where the German individuals could assemble and show their enthusiasm during talks and rallies. â€Å"Like every other type of craftsmanship during the Nazi system, design was an apparatus of the state† (Order from Stone, n. . ). This engineering was simply one more route for the Nazis to control the lives of the German individuals. Dictatorship additionally showed itself in Socialist Realism. A portion of the significant specialists were Semyon Chuikov, Sergei Gerasimov, Arkady Plastov, Sergei Merkurov, and Vera Mukhina. Communist Realism was a kind of workmanship in Soviet Russia and other Communist nations that included a target impression of genuine to instruct and motivate the majority, and an uncritical glorification of the State (Chilvers, 1999). This workmanship development depicts the common laborers as being gallant. Communist Realism artistic creations were for the most part of household scenes, representations, scenes, ranches, and energetic scenes. Concerning figures, the typical creation was of chivalrous sculptures. This workmanship was seriously confined in structure and substance. It was likewise observed as a ground-breaking publicity device and as long as it followed the rules set by the socialist party, it was acknowledged. At long last during the Post War Era we have the Abstract Expressionism development. This development was generally between the long stretches of 1945-1965. A portion of the significant craftsmen were Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Helen Frankenthaler, Willem de Kooning, Philip Guston and Robert Motherwell. Conceptual expressionism was explicitly an American post-World War II craftsmanship movement† (Abstract Expressionism, n. d. ). â€Å"After WWII, with pictures of the Holocaust all over the place, it appeared to be repetitive for socially-mindful specialists to paint these equivalent pictures when a photo was substantially more powerful† (Abstract Expressionism, n. d. ). With so much demise and pulverization after the war, specialists needed to concentrate on creating works of art that were all the more exuberant, fun, and vivid. Specialists started to take a gander at shading and shape and were painting entire canvases orange or blue. These works were shaped in a specific topographical setting and demonstrated a particular demeanor. Craftsmen additionally gave close consideration to the surface quality just as surface and utilized enormous canvases. Unique Expressionism stressed the depiction of feelings as opposed to objects and most painters supported huge campaigns, sensational hues, and free brushwork (Art History: Abstract Expressionism, 2009). Craftsmen of this development needed to offer accentuation to the mishap or chance in their canvases, yet they generally arranged how they were going to do it. In this manner, specialists exploited any slip-ups that happened during the work of art process. Conceptual Expressionist artworks comprised of shapes, lines, and structures intended to make a different reality from the visual world† (Art History: Abstract Expressionism, 2009). Specialists considered artistic creation to be an outflow of feeling and as an approach to outwardly impart to people in general. There are two kinds of Abstract Expressionism, Action Painting and Color Field Painting. Activity pa inters needed to show paint surface and the development of the artist’s hand. Shading Field painters were worried about shading and shape so as to develop serene and profound compositions without the portrayal of a subject. The way of thinking of Abstract Expressionism looks for answers to the inquiries of human presence and addresses individual mental fights, the outer battle among man and nature, and the chase for profound comfort† (Art History: Abstract Expressionism) all in all, we can see that these craftsmanship developments were made out of the requirement for individuals to impart their responses to social changes. Regardless of whether they respected them or detested them, specialists communicated their sentiments about them here and there. Dadaism was a dissent against the ruthlessness of the War and other social shameful acts. Their works of art communicated an enemy of war and hostile to standard disposition. Futurism praised innovation and blossomed with speed, commotion, and machines. It detested working class temperances, thoughts of the past, and Romanticism. The fundamentalist structure style should have been noteworthy and threatening to communicate request and quality. It was additionally an approach to have unlimited authority over the German individuals. Communist Realism was intended to move the majority and laud the state. During the post war time, conceptual expressionism looked for answers to human presence and utilized a style intended to make a different reality from the visual world. It needed to escape from painting the brutality of the war and concentrated on communicating an increasingly brilliant, enthusiastic, and fun inclination. These developments are comparable in that they were a reaction to the social, political, and social changes of the time. Furthermore, the specialists planned to make an impression on its watchers. These messages were intended to control the activities of or get a particular response from its crowd. Here and there or another, they all figured out how to achieve this. ? Catalog Abstract expressionism (Late 1940’s †mid 1960’s). (n. d. ) Retrieved January 20, 2010, from http://www. untfor. com/arthistory/C20th/absexpress. htm Art history: Abstract expressionism: (1940-19

A look at the MIA curriculum COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A look at the MIA curriculum COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I’ve gotten a lot of questions about the difference between MPA and MIA programs. In my view, the two programs are not distinct especially when we take into account curriculum offered in two programs. However, I would like to point out some differences between the two programs. The main core class MIA students are required to take Conceptual Foundations whereas MPA students are required to Politics of Policymaking. For Conceptual Foundations, students get to study foundational theories of International Relations; we get to be immersed in realism, liberalism and constructivism in the beginning. Every week, prominent scholars such as Professor Jeffrey Sachs, Michael Doyle and Joseph Stiglitz come to give a talk on the specific theory in the current world affairs context. For the Politics of Policymaking class, students get a sense of how to write policy memos on current affairs and how to think and analyze from a policy-maker’s perspective. Language Requirements for the MIA MIA students are required to demonstrate proficiency in a second language. If your native language is not English, you can use your mother tongue as a second language. Or if you plan to learn language at Columbia, you can do it. However, only the intermediate language classes count toward required SIPA credits. The basic level language classes are not credited toward program requirements. For more information on this requirement,  view former PA Allison Walkers post,  Everything you wanted to know about SIPA’s language proficiency requirement. Here are some sample classes for a MIA student who majors in International and Financial and Economic Policy and specializes in Advanced Policy. As some students want to hone quantitative skills, they take advantage of being at Columbia by taking quant-intensive classes across statistics and math departments. First semester Microeconomic Analysis International Political Economy The US Role in the Foreign Affairs I Cost-Benefit Analysis Professional Development Second semester Macroeconomic Analysis The US Role in the Foreign Affairs II Analysis of Political Data Quantitative Analysis I Probability Third semester Conceptual Foundation Introduction to Modern Analysis I Analysis of Public Organization Advanced Economic Development Research Internship Fourth Semester (Plan) International Financial Theory Financial Accounting Capstone Project International Capital Market Chinese (intermediate level) Finally, some prospective students ask whether or not they can switch the program once they are admitted. The answer is yes. It is possible to switch the program but make sure that if you switch, you might end up taking two core classes. So if you are not sure about your program, I advise you to postpone taking the core class to your second year. Also keep in  mind theres no guarantee youll be able to switch because you were admitted to the program under a  particular concentration/specialization.

A look at the MIA curriculum COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A look at the MIA curriculum COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I’ve gotten a lot of questions about the difference between MPA and MIA programs. In my view, the two programs are not distinct especially when we take into account curriculum offered in two programs. However, I would like to point out some differences between the two programs. The main core class MIA students are required to take Conceptual Foundations whereas MPA students are required to Politics of Policymaking. For Conceptual Foundations, students get to study foundational theories of International Relations; we get to be immersed in realism, liberalism and constructivism in the beginning. Every week, prominent scholars such as Professor Jeffrey Sachs, Michael Doyle and Joseph Stiglitz come to give a talk on the specific theory in the current world affairs context. For the Politics of Policymaking class, students get a sense of how to write policy memos on current affairs and how to think and analyze from a policy-maker’s perspective. Language Requirements for the MIA MIA students are required to demonstrate proficiency in a second language. If your native language is not English, you can use your mother tongue as a second language. Or if you plan to learn language at Columbia, you can do it. However, only the intermediate language classes count toward required SIPA credits. The basic level language classes are not credited toward program requirements. For more information on this requirement,  view former PA Allison Walkers post,  Everything you wanted to know about SIPA’s language proficiency requirement. Here are some sample classes for a MIA student who majors in International and Financial and Economic Policy and specializes in Advanced Policy. As some students want to hone quantitative skills, they take advantage of being at Columbia by taking quant-intensive classes across statistics and math departments. First semester Microeconomic Analysis International Political Economy The US Role in the Foreign Affairs I Cost-Benefit Analysis Professional Development Second semester Macroeconomic Analysis The US Role in the Foreign Affairs II Analysis of Political Data Quantitative Analysis I Probability Third semester Conceptual Foundation Introduction to Modern Analysis I Analysis of Public Organization Advanced Economic Development Research Internship Fourth Semester (Plan) International Financial Theory Financial Accounting Capstone Project International Capital Market Chinese (intermediate level) Finally, some prospective students ask whether or not they can switch the program once they are admitted. The answer is yes. It is possible to switch the program but make sure that if you switch, you might end up taking two core classes. So if you are not sure about your program, I advise you to postpone taking the core class to your second year. Also keep in  mind theres no guarantee youll be able to switch because you were admitted to the program under a  particular concentration/specialization.

Developing a functional multidisciplinary team of a diabetic foot clinic (DFC) - 550 Words

Developing a functional multidisciplinary team of a diabetic foot clinic (DFC) (Term Paper Sample) Content: DEVELOPING A FUNCTIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM FOR DIABETIC FOOT CLINIC Student’s name: Institution: Course: Instructor: Address: Date: Executive Summary Information from the world health organization indicates that the global prevalence of diabetes foot ulcers is a burden to the greater percentage of world populations. This report focuses on the cases of diabetes foot in the UAE. The identified research location has the highest prevalence rate of diabetes food in the entire globe. Such high levels of diabetes cases define the need for developing a multidisciplinary team to enhance the treatment of diabetic foot complications. The report developed a SWOT analysis for the multidisciplinary team for the DFU clinic. One of the identified strengths influencing the identification of an effective team is the availability of microbiology labs as well as the presence of high quality standards in nursing practice. The main weakness identified in this rep ort is the issue of inadequate DFU experts in the UAE. High prevalence cases of DFU are one of the opportunities that the multidisciplinary team development will utilize. The report highlights that the DFU multidisciplinary team project will undergo various stages in order to achieve the project objectives. The first phase encompasses the need to identify and document the main idea or proposal. The second phase involves initiating a service level standard with the health institutions located within the UAE. The final phase of the project involves developing a shared-folder (an App and website) for every stakeholder of the program. The project duration is estimated to be 78 days from the inception phase to completion: 17 days for the project proposal, 13 days for development of SLA, and 48 days for the approval and design of the website. Evaluation Plan A multidisciplinary wound treatment team requires access to a scope of healthcare experts and correspondence structures to encoura ge inter-professional service delivery. While the idea is straightforward, the pragmatics of conveying such teams is perplexing. Setting up the teams required for a given patient will require medicinal services that are acquainted with the teams identified by different colleagues. DFU care providers should have a capacity to develop singular consideration plans. Healthcare experts, by definition, are self-governing (Bonner, Foster, and Spears-Lanoix, 2016, p. 21). While the need to team up with different experts is perceived, the work of every expert is organized around free practice. A multidisciplinary wound care team will require group based frameworks that may now and again strife with the above frameworks. The geographic area of specialists, the way in which they convey, the time given to correspondence and the arrangement of compensation requires imaginative ways to deal with the issues of the patient and the multidisciplinary group. Feedbacks from other organizations This r eport will evaluate its effectiveness through the adoption of feedbacks from other corporations regarding the performance of the developed multidisciplinary team in areas such as team coordination and relevance. Patient results including lower discharge rates, lessened weight injuries, faster recuperation rates, and reduced death rate in regards to trauma are some of the areas which will be assessed using the reports or feedbacks from other organizations. Hierarchical/money related advantages have been exhibited crosswise over zones including irresistible diseases, pharmacies diabetic foot cases, and cardiovascular surgeries. However, money saving advantage needs to be considered similarly by patient results along with effectiveness of care. A procedure-orientated multidisciplinary methodology can have a noteworthy effect on the effective usage of assets in the way profiting staff, the association, and patients. In essence, an organized group approach has been identified to effectiv ely affect the required results, healthcare, productivity, and cost-adequacy. This also helps in supporting authoritative clinical movement over the service. The general advantage to the healthcare framework, the staff, and the patient must be considered, since economical advantage is not generally indicated in the real team or facility. Multidisciplinary groups can be created from existing teams in an association. By filling in as a group rather than a gathering of salaried people, there is no expansion in expense, yet the efficiencies made can give critical savings. Institutionalized treatment with clear conventions may have the additional advantage of instructing other staff while using existing skill in a coordinated  manner. Monitoring efficiency through various models The capacity to survey the effectiveness of the multidisciplinary needs of a patient will require a work force with a wide comprehension of the teams offered by various professions and machinery that encourag e precise evaluation of patient needs. Whilst every specialist decides how best they can meet the patient's needs, their capacity to decide the multidisciplinary necessities of the patient are constrained. In this project, the Kolb119 learning style stock will be created to decide the sort and measure of team required (Bonner et al., 2016, p. 11). Such frameworks can produce referrals and booking demands for the patient. Into the future, such frameworks could be accessible from the web or other innovations (e-healthcare, m-healthcare) that would encourage self-appraisal by patients with complex injury needs. Identifying the proximity of the team and quality staff feedback When considering the location of the team members, the most obvious remedy is to classify each individual within a given geographic area to improve efficiency in the use of time and resources. Colocation of the multidisciplinary team is usually structured around a centralized model of care. Multidisciplinary tea ms are located in large health care institutions where the various disciplines are found. Often, such institutions are located within large regional cities or metropolitan areas. The patient is required to go to the injury care place for treatment by means of individual or clinic given transportation. By finding the group near their practice surroundings, constraining their travel time and the lodging of assets, for example, wound items or investigative advancements in a solitary area, proficiency will be upgraded. In any case, such money saving advantages examinations neglect to consider the individual cost experienced by the patient. Extra transportation cost, time lost to go to every interview, and extra hassles brought about regularly force a man expense to the patient's household  budget. Late advancements in media transmission innovation are presently testing the need for incorporated teams. Media transmission innovation has been accessible for a few decades. Voice or video conferences now promptly empower colleagues to impart whilst in various areas. In any case, it is the improvement of telehealth teams and self-care advancements that are giving fresher option models for multidisciplinary teams (Yazdanpanah, L., et. al., 2015). Telehealth teams are customarily seen as an innovation encouraged communication between a clinician and the patient while both are in various areas. Be that as it may, even more regularly, the cooperations are being extended to incorporate clinicians minding for the patient at the nearby area. Three-way correspondence between the counseling clinician, the patient and the nearby clinician encourages multidisciplinary  practice. Innovation encouraged self-improvement alternatives have blasted as of late. Web assets or applications for advanced cell innovations presently give an abundance of safeguard and self-team procedures for the general open. The advancement of value self-improvement data requires the cooperation of numer ous disciplines and in that, capacity is another type of multidisciplinary  practice. Team communication The capacity for multidisciplinary groups to speak with each other is principal. In this project, the effectiveness of the team will be assessed through the use of electronic alternatives such as audio, video, and email, among other electronic contents. Regular multidisciplinary group gatherings will be aimed at empowering contrasting treatment sentiments to be talked about, results to be evaluated from various points of view, and the creation of any tentative arrangements of consideration (Yazdanpanah, L., et. al., 2015). A number of contemplations for encouraging these gatherings are refered to in the writing. Adequately engaged time is the most refered to 'must have' for multidisciplinary gatherings. It is suggested that intrusions from pagers, cell telephones, or other faculty are to be abstained from amid such gatherings. It is further prescribed that a standard time be p lanned for multidisciplinary gatherings. The gatherings ought to be seen as a basic part ...

Global Warming Essay example - 953 Words

Global Warming Global warming is an increase in the earths temperature due to fossil fuels, industry, and agricultural processes caused by human, natural, and other gas emissions. (Melissa Phillips). This results in an increased emission of greenhouse gases. (Caroline Quatman). Short-wave solar radiation sinks into the Earths atmosphere and warms its surface; while longwave infrared radiation emitted by earths surface is absorbed, and then re-emitted by trace gases. (Brent C. Willhoite) Climate changes occur in our earths atmosphere due to a buildup of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases can occur naturally as well as a result of human activities. (Melissa Phillips). Problems can occur when higher concentrations of greenhouse†¦show more content†¦These gases trap heat and cause the greenhouse effect, rising global temperatures.(Heidi Sterrett). Human activities add to the levels of these gasses, causing more problems. The burning of solid waste, fossil fuels, and wood products are major causes. Automobiles, heat from homes and businesses, and factories are responsible for about 80% of todays carbon dioxide emissions, 25% of methane, and 20% of the nitrous oxide emissions. The increase in agriculture, deforestation, landfills, industrial production, and mining contribute a significant share of emissions too The gases released into the atmosphere are tracked by emission inventories. An emission inventory counts the amount of air pollutants discharged into the atmosphere. These emission inventories are used by many organizations. NASA and meteorologists also use them.(Heidi Sterrett). The Centers for Disease Control have been involved in studying global warmings effect on human health. Global warming is a danger to a humans health. Its affect on climate can adversely affect humans. Plagues have been attributed to global warming. An increase in temperature can result in a longer life cycle for diseases or the agents spreading them. Living in a warm area makes egg production a quicker process. Global warming will lead to more precipitation, which enables infectious diseases to be more easily contracted and spread.Show MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And The Warming1544 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming has become a well conversed topic among scientists and peoples in the world today. There are extremists who do everything possible to stop contributing to the warming, but the average person does little to alleviate the issue and in many cases refuses to acknowledge that there is a problem at all. Dating back to millions of years ago, even before humanity was born, the w orld has always experienced one form or another of warming; so the warming seen today is not as bizarre as many mayRead MoreGlobal Warming And The Warming1353 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming With it being the presidential election season the talk of global warming, also known as climate change has come up in conversation more. But should it be associated with whether you are republican or democrat? Global warming should not be rather you â€Å"believe† in because it is a stated fact. The definition by Oxford Dictionary declares that global warming is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect causedRead MoreThe Warming And Global Warming1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Warming World Around Us The world is warming and we cannot deny it, the longer we deny the larger the problem it will become. Global warming is affecting the world economy, the overall health of the population, and most importantly the environment that surrounds us. Ignoring this problem will not just make it suddenly disappear; the world has to make an effort to stop it while it can still be maintained. Accepting the fact that it is happening is just the first step, the next step is takingRead MoreGlobal Warming1677 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the eyes of most scientists, global warming is seen as a very serious and severe threat. The actions taken by humans, such as industry and consumption of fossil fuels plus the increase in population and agriculture have played a big part in global warming. If something is not done soon the results could be very bad. By the middle of the twenty first century, there is evidence that the Earth will be warmer than it has been at any time in human history, and quite possibly since theRead MoreGlobal Warming1410 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming was first mentioned by ‘Svante August Arrhenius in 1896’, but in ‘1753, Joseph Black discovered carbon dioxide’ and in ‘1827, Jean-Batiste Fourier suggested that atmospheric effect kept the earth warmer than it would otherwise be’, (Direct.gov. n.d. A history of climate change). Since this time, reports, and study have be done with graphs to show the impact of global warming and what could happen to our planet. In 1979, the first conference was held this was called ‘International climateRead MoreGlobal Warming1245 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming The major threat of today’s world is global warming. Due to various reasons global warming turns out to be a serious issue in the last few years. Today people believe in global warming while this concept was not so much believed and people interpreted in some other meanings what was happening in the past. Global warming is amplification in the temperature of earth because of industrial pollution, fossil fuels, and agricultural practices caused by human being, other and natural gasRead MoreGlobal Warming1316 Words   |  6 PagesControversy over Global Warming One of the largest argued topics in our world today is over global warming. People argue that is real, and others argue that it is fake. The effects of global warming create a growing danger for the ecosystem we live in by damaging glaciers and weather patterns. Humans contribute to global warming yet non-believers will think otherwise. Global warming is the greatest challenge facing our planet. According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change) mostRead Moreglobal warming1539 Words   |  7 Pagesof global climate over long periods of time. Climate model projections made by the US Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that, recently, global temperature has increased. This increase in temperature is referred to as global warming. One of the main causes of global warming is greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that absorb solar radiation to keep the planet warm. These gases have increased, so more solar radiation is trapped ins ide raising global temperaturesRead MoreGlobal Warming1050 Words   |  5 PagesTake a position: Global warming is a real problem. 1000 word Essay. Using persuasive technique Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth’s surface. Since the late 1800’s, the global average temperature has increased about 0.7 to 1.4 degrees F (0.4 to 0.8degree C). Climate change is happening and its effects are real. However, the larger the change in climate, the more negative the consequences will become. Global warming will make life harder for mostRead MoreGlobal Warming1192 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Essay Global warming is an important issue for humans to consider and science to figure out. Personally I don’t care very much about global warming and have never been active in green movements. The evidence presented in this class is very informative and useful when taking into account the numerous known and unknown causes and cures for global warming. However, my attitude towards global warming is unchanged. According to the Common Attitudes Toward Global Warming handout I think

Symptoms And Treatment Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries

Introduction Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) are amongst the most common injuries affecting approximately 42 million individuals annually (Gardner Yaffe, 2015). This incidence rate is inaccurate as many mTBI are not reported (Gardner Yaffe, 2015). Such injuries are thought to increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Gardner Yaffe, 2015). AD accounts for up to 80% of all senile dementia and is characterized by cognitive deficits that progressively manifest into severe cognitive and behavioral impairment (Elder et al., 2010). Such symptoms are causally associated with amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles†¦show more content†¦A cohort of mice underwent a second mTBI after 24 hours. Mice from both WT and Tg groups were assessed 2 days, 9 weeks, and 16 weeks after mTBI treatment. Primarily, HE stain was employed along with Gomori’s iron stain to localize site and severity of mTBI injury. The degree of A deposition in the somatosensory cortex (SSC), the perihippocampal cortex (PHC), and the hippocampus (HP) of both hemispheres was determined by 4G8 immunostaining. In addition, GFAP staining was used to quantify the population of astrocytes at the site of the injury. Furthermore, Sandwich ELISA was utilized in mice groups 16 weeks after injury to measure A40 and A42 peptide levels in various brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the cerebellum. Such tissues were also analyzed for isoprostane levels that are produced by lipid peroxidation. Isoprostanes were also detected in urine samples at various survival periods. Moreover, mice underwent Morison water maze (MWM) and composite neuroscore (NS) tests at 16 weeks’ post-injury to examine cognitive and motor functions respectively. Uryu and collegues found a significant increase in iron deposits and reactive astrocytes in the repetitive mTBI postmortem sections of Tg mice, when compared to other groups at 16 weeks after the injury. This was not the case in WT mice. Similarly, there was a significant increase in the A burden within select brain regions (i.e. SSC, PHC, HP) of single and

Why Men Earn more Money than Women - 891 Words

I think the most important reason that women earn less is that a few decades ago women did not receive equal education on the higher level and I think that affect the deferens in salaries today, and here is why. 35 to 15 years ago when we had a less equal society, more women made career choices which at the time was considered the norm for women, for example, almost all women were expected to have children and stay at home with the children and take care of the house, while men were expected to work and make a career, and that affected their chance of both getting a job and getting a good salary. Most men made a career had a higher salary while a big minority of the women became housewives and stayed at home with the children. An economic myth is that women make 83 à ¶re for every crown a man make because they are discriminated in the labor market. Like other myths, these doses have a bit of truth to it. So for example, if you add up all the incomes of women and divide it by the number of women in the labor force and then do the same thing for men, what you will find is, that on average, women do make about 83 percent of what men do. What’s happening here is not discrimination in the labor market, but differences in the choices that men and women make about investing their knowledge, their education, their skills, and their job experiences that leads them to getting paid different salaries. Economists talk about people’s human capital. By human capital, we mean the skills, theShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Men And Women1085 Words   |  5 Pages Both men and women have been inequalities in the workplace. Women are still are not receiving equal pay for the equal work and the equal pay of work of the equal value. Even though women have increased their presence in higher paying jobs that are dominated by men, still women continue to work in low paying occupations as men. For so long woman have received less pay in jobs. They have not been treated fair and equal as a man does in the same job fields. Woman has worked so hard and have accomplishedRead MoreBattle of the Sexes725 Words   |  3 Pagesgap is nearly impossible to avoid, even though women have spent the time and hard work with education and dedication to their job, just as men have. Women have improved in these areas to receive high position and equality with men in the work force. However, even though they have kept their heads down and played by the rules, women still have somehow come up short and, their pay remains less than men’s pay. The earnings and income of men and women differ on many levels; it’s almost hard to believeRead MoreEssay On If I Were A Boy1528 Words   |  7 PagesBeyoncà © sings â€Å"If I Were a Boy† passionately wishing to comprehend the lack of empathy men have when considering the act of faithfulness to one partner. As much as that is a problem of its own, if I were a boy, I think I could understand the many things I don’t. If I were a boy, I think I could understand how it feels to be exempted from many of the societal criticisms and discriminations women face because of my genetic superiority. If I were a boy, I think I could understand how easy it is to walkRead MoreAchieving Gender Inequality Within The American Workplace Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pageswomen are demonstrating time after time that they can excel at positions of high power and responsibility they even demonstrate to suppress those of males. They have higher profits and are rated as better leaders. T hese statistics come to show to women and business that women have great potential and they shouldn’t feel intimidated by the great responsibility or stereotypes that come with the job and women respectively. Women should embrace opportunities such as these and business shouldn’t overlookRead MoreGender Inequality Within The United States1686 Words   |  7 Pagesadvances in society, especially for women despite these advancements, there continues to be inequalities in sexual â€Å"equality† .Why does a wage difference exists between men and women? Are employers being sexist? Sexism has been a problem since the beginning of mankind. Women have struggled to achieve equality with men. The male dominated culture has led the female gender to become the â€Å"weaker sex†. This discrimination, of course, based on the stereotype that women should be stay at home playing theRead MoreHow American Sexism Has Changed Over The Years, But It Is Far From Perfect?853 W ords   |  4 Pageschanged dramatically over the years, but it is far from perfect. Today many women in America face sexism in many areas throughout their lives; especially in workplaces. Women face sexist stereotype that holds them back from rising up as corporate ladders, especially in jobs that have a high ratio of men compared to women. Sexist comments such as â€Å"women are weak to do this kind of job† , â€Å"these are men s jobs† and †women are too emotional to work† often causes a woman to be cautious of how she actsRead MoreShould Women Get Paid The Same As Men1093 Words   |  5 PagesShould women get paid the same as men in professional sport? Professional sports, as compared to amateur sports, are sports in which athletes receive payment for their performance. Due to ability to draw a large income, professional athletes can afford to make their sport their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to become the best they can be. Most sports played professionally also have amateur players far outnumberingRead MoreGlobalization Does Not Just Affect Global Economics843 Words   |  4 Pageseconomics, it also improved women’s social status. Because women started to work outside and earn money to support the family. Before globalization, women were forced to take care of family. Since women had no economic supports, they were not able to survive without their families, so they had to follow their husbands without doubts. Men believed that the best wife should stay at home for housework, they would feel shame and angry if women worked outside. All the surrounding people would judge theRead MoreThe Fight For Gender Equality1282 Words   |  6 PagesThe fight for gender equality in the workplace has been ongoing for fifty years. Women have been looked to as inferior in the workplace in the United States for the better part of a decade. While they have made tremendous strides in getting equalization, ladies are still cheated out of the money that men are receiving for the same career. The gender wage gap is real and it grows over worker’s careers. Though it used to be a gap because of education between the genders, the education gap has beenRead More Discrimination in the Workplace Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pages Discrimination in the work place towards women is extremely common and occurs in everyday life. You can prove this by explaining how women in the workplace get paid, get promoted and get treated based on their sex. Sex discrimination in the workplace comes with many different faces. In its most basic form, it involves outright exclusion of women, solely by reason of their gender. Even where women have gained access to the workplace, sex discrimination may persist in other ways. Examples

The Abortion Of The United States - 1031 Words

Facing Abortion in the United States Abortion is a common debated topic in the United States. It is becoming commonplace in our society. Terminating an unwanted pregnancy is a difficult choice that many women have faced throughout the years. Through out this paper, reasons for abortion, women, underage girls, parental laws, emotions, and the procedures of terminating a pregnancy will be discussed. While there is still more research being done, it is said that abortion can have both negative and positive effects. There are many reasons for why women seek abortions. The purposes for seeking an abortion have been categorized into 11 wide-ranging themes. The main themes acknowledged as intentions for seeking an abortion included financial reasons (40%), timing (36%), marital reasons (31%), and the need to focus on other children (29%); (Biggs, Gould, Foster 2013). Women seek abortion for reasons that are related to their surroundings, including their economic status, age, healthiness, and marital status (Biggs et al., 2013). For women who have an abortion, their circumstances can sometimes change for the better by not having a baby. Women who feel that they can better themselves without a child in the picture are motivated to have an abortion so they can reach their goals. There is a fear of undergoing humiliation, or internalized shame due to the choice of having an abortion; driving women to provide a response that society would understand for her decision toShow MoreRelatedAbortion in the United States1518 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion in the United States The United States Government should illegalize abortion for many different reasons including, a potential life has ended before given a chance remains evidence enough for most people to understand why a person should never have a choice of whether a baby lives or dies. Studies also show that mothers who choose abortion have a higher health risk rate after the abortion and also have more psychological problems after the abortion as well. Not only is it proven thatRead MoreAbortion : The United States1704 Words   |  7 PagesRebecca Mejia Molly Gum Senior English 24 March, 2017 Research Paper : Abortion During the 7th century, the Catholic Church premeditated that the act of oral sex was a far more worse sin than getting an abortion. Roe V. Wade was the 1973 US Supreme court case that made abortion legal in the United States. Abortion should be the woman’s choice. The US supreme court has declared abortion to be a fundamental right that is guaranteed by the US Constitution. Reproductive rights also give women a senseRead MoreAbortion And The United States1266 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States the abortion has become a big deal in American political landscape. Also is very sadly because is consider it moral issues rather than personal rights or civil liberties. This issue has much both sides of political fence but many do not consider it. But me myself I opposed to abortion, especially abortion on demand and welcome the government’s protection of the unborn. Also other issues are involved in abortion debate, but this issue of personal is freedom already mentionedRead MoreAbortion And The United States1704 Words   |  7 Pages1973, abortion has been considered â€Å"legal† in the United States. But, just because abortion is legal, does that automatically justify it as moral? The Bible never clearly states â€Å"though shall not abort your children.† On the other hand, Exodus 20:13, states â€Å"though shall not murder.† Not only does Exodus speak of prohibiting murder, Genesis 9:3, states that â€Å"whoever sheds man’s blood, by man his blood shall be shed, for in the image of God He made man.† According to AbortionFacts.com, abortion becameRead MoreAbortion in the United States3416 Words   |  14 Pages The issue of abortion is notoriously controversial. Since the Supreme Court’s 1992 ruling in Casey v. Planned Parenthood, states have enacted different restrictions on the procedure. These restrictions vary from state to state. Nineteen states currently have laws prohibiting partial-birth abortion, and forty-one states strictly prohibit abortions except in cases of life-endangerment. One particularly incendiary area of abortion law is that of public funding. However, as of this year thereRead MoreAbortion And Its Effects On The United States Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States â€Å"1.7% of women aged 15–44 have an abortion† (â€Å"Induced Abortion in the United States†). Twenty-one percent of all pregnancies end in abortion (â€Å"Induced Abortion in the United States†). Women most commonly have abortions before the end of her first trimester, twelve weeks into the pregnancy, however, abortions may also be performed after the first trimester. Abortions are quite common, but they also lead to numerous issues for the parents such as regret, depression, drug abuseRead MoreThe Issue Of Abortion On The United States Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is the issue of Abortion, My thesis in this paper is to analyze the history of abortion in the United States prior to the Roe vs. Wade decision and afterwards, and to demonstrate the ways in which our two major political parties’ views on this issue have shifted over time along with the public’s view on the issue. Abortion has been practiced for most of human history. The ancient Greeks and Romans practiced it, although not all ancient thinkers had the same views on abortion. Ancient Greek â€Å"fatherRead MoreThe Issue Of Abortion On The United States1606 Words   |  7 Pagespregnancies among American woman are unintended, and about seven out of ten of these 500,000 unintended pregnancies are terminated by abortion each year in America. In today’s modern American culture, many consider an unborn fetus a non-life form; however, an unborn fetus possesses many, if not all, characteristics of life. The issue of abortion in the United States has been one that has courted controversy and created a public, ethical, and moral division in our American society and culture. DifferentRead MoreAbortion in the United States Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is abortion? According to the Oxford English Dictionary, â€Å"Abortion: the premature expulsion of a [foetus] from the womb; an operation to cause this.† Abortion has been a controversial topic for many years. Some people favor adoption and some are against it. â€Å"In 2008 an estimated 1.21 million abortions were performed in the Unites States.†(Jones, and Kooistra). Many opinions collaborate in abortions rights or abortion legislation. â€Å"In 2008, 84,610 women obtained abortions in Texas, producingRead More Abortion in the United States Essay3509 Words   |  15 PagesAbortion in the United States Abortion has been a complex social issue in the United States ever since restrictive abortion laws began to appear in the 1820s. By 1965, abortions had been outlawed in the U.S., although they continued illegally; about one million abortions per year were estimated to have occurred in the 1960s. (Krannich 366) Ultimately, in the 1973 Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade, it was ruled that women had the right to privacy and could make an individual choice on whether

The Most Incredibly Neglected Answer for Samples Essay on Niger

The Most Incredibly Neglected Answer for Samples Essay on Niger Lies You've Been Told About Samples Essay on Niger As the last paragraph is represents your very last opportunity to create your case and, being such, should adhere to an extremely rigid format. That said, after drafting your own personal statement, you may have a tendency to submit it immediately, especially if you're working on multiple applications at the exact moment. When you're writing, attempt to prevent employing the very same words and phrases over and over again. It might be beneficial to see them as the written equivalent of the types of spoken cues utilised in formal speeches that signal the conclusion of a single set of ideas and the start of another one. Ruthless Samples Essay on Niger Strategies Exploited When an art school gives the option of submitting a personal statement, it might be tempting for forgo the chance. My job was supposed to work alongside the industry manager to help make a more h ealthy marriage between the finance and advertising departments, thus improving our sales and workplace atmosphere. I hope that my guide to the ideal writing services has helped you to understand what a fantastic writing service may offer and the way to choose the ideal writing service for you. The government plays a main part in the economy since it facilitates the procedure to guarantee a smooth transfer of products and solutions. Within this post we'll explore the advantages of using social networking in governmentfrom awareness building to crisis communication. If people aren't careful, there's false information that could hinder society. Analysis Through ADA, disabled folks in the usa have been in a position to acquire increased access to hotel facilities. You ought to be in secondary school in any portion of Nigeria. In addition, it hits eight significant cities within this river's path. The Niger River is situated in West Africa. As stated by the present archaeological evidence, humans began to inhabit what's today referred to as Nigeria as early as the 9000 BC. Yet, it's one of the poorest countries on earth. Therefore, countries which are partly free and free political have a greater likelihood of experiencing electoral democracy in comparison to countries which are not free politically. Throughout the history of earth, there have been several different kinds of government, which range from monarchies, dictatorships, republics, and sometimes even anarchy. You could also use the introduction to supply the reader a fundamental roadmap so they can understand the way your statement is designed to flow. In these examples, it can be useful to practice with personal statement writing prompts, which can provide some guidance. Possessing an ideal information with every essays are quite important for all of us to make the last essay look precisely viable. Knowing the differing sorts of essays and the format i n which they ought to be written is vital for any writer to receive right when drafting an essay. Though the conclusion paragraph comes at the conclusion of your essay it ought not be considered an afterthought. Basically, they lead the reader from 1 section of the paragraph of another one. This section consists of two examples of very good college essays. You need to reveal in your government essay that the government is an integral portion of our life and the way it affects the a variety of pursuits and addresses various concerns in our life. The Constitution is critical since it is a body of an element where the government makes references dependent on the quotes in the several articles. When many schools encourage creativity in regards to crafting your own personal statement, it's important to incorporate best writing practices to make sure a piece that is simple to read, thorough, and engaging. Keeping your writing personal and true only increases the passion, something which admissions teams often search for in an art student. Now things started to get really intriguing. The completely free spread of ideas isn't an ideal practice. Who Else Wants to Learn About Samples Essay on Niger? It is not simple for the government to ensure citizens exercise their rights, few individuals responsible for running the government are dem ocratic. Personal statements are simply that personal! Such programs will reflect the better part of the wants and interests of the society. There are lots of systems to make sure a good trial, but they are sometimes not perfect.

Explain what sources of finance are available for small to medium sized companies and explain why they sometimes face difficulties in raising finance free essay sample

The SME (Small and medium enterprise) sector is one of the crucial important contributor to economic growth in terms of Gross Domestic Product(GDP) and job creation worldwide(IFC,2010). According to OECD(2006), SMEs had created more than sixty percent of the job opportunities for OECD countries. That situation for developing counties are even more obvious. There is no doubt that the development of SMEs is closely linked to national economy. The growth of SME sector, however, presents a stalled tendency, even recession situation, owing to the deficiency of accessing to finance. This circumstance may restrict and hinder the development of small and medium-sized companies, then indirectly affect the countrys economy. Therefore, how to financing efficiently and overcoming fund-raising barriers for its ongoing progress becomes a indispensable part and parcel of their operation activities. The aims of this article is to demonstrate what funds-raising techniques could be adapted by SMEs, then examine what obstacles are faced by them in the financing activities, and lastly, giving a conclusion. 2. Funds-raising sources available for SME 2. 1 Internal financing At the initial stage, SMEs have to obtain capital, internally, from owners, relatives, friends and existing partner or firm’s retained earnings (Abdulaziz Andrew, 2013), inasmuch as the shortage of transparent and â€Å"hard† information, for instance, permanent track records from bank, financial statement, credit scoring as well as higher intangible assets. After that, they tend to seek alternative sources, such as external ways, for financing for the sake of its progress in the later phase. 2. 2 External equity-based financing External equity financing includes venture capital, business angels and public equity. In general, they are more suitable than debt for the young SMEs since they experiencing capital gap and unable to raise loans via security(Abdulsaleh Worthington, 2013), inasmuch that equity capital has no special refund date(Ou Haynes, 2006), and without mortgaging items for its supplier. A study written by Hogan and Hutson (2005) demonstrates the similar views that when TBSFs (technology-based small firms) suffering from information asymmetries, especially in its start-up stage, they would like to slove its capital gap through equity-based financing instead of debt. 2. 2. 1 Venture capital Venture capital(VC) is the funds provided to firms at their early phase to exploit its business, thus investors intend to obtain long-term capital gains(McLaney, 2009). Nowadays, the high-tech small enterprises attract more attention to venture capitalist, as they are more likely to generate interests in a relatively short-term. And this can be illustrated by a study written by Bozkaya Van (2008). It demonstrates that technology-based small enterprises obtain more money from venture capital than other sources of financing in European. Moreover, VC is a proper way for small and medium enterprise who were in the process of lack of permanent and effective track records and high quality of collateral (Abdulsaleh Worthington, 2013 cited by Gompers, 1995). 2. 2. 2 Business angels Business angels are direct investment launched by individual capitalist, rather than venture capitals who are mainly supported by investing institutions(McLaney, 2009). Furthermore, angels are not merely a kind of capital investing, also a participant investment. Investors tend to actively participate, in other words, in routine operations, such as enterprise strategic decision, strategic design as well as hiring managers. 2. 2. 3 Public equity Public equity is a kind of relatively effective financing way for SME in a mature stage, it mainly is through the way of open recruitment to access to funds, and with equity as a return for investors. This approach extremely relies on a transparent perfect company financial mechanism. 2. 3 Debt financing Debt financing is a appropriate way for enterprises to raise external capital  with specified repayment date to return the principal and interest. It includes trade credit, public debt, bank financing as well as nonbank financial institution debt. Unlike equity financing which would dilutes the owners equity, and consequently, may partly deprives the owner of control of the firm. (Abdulsaleh Worthington, 2013). Debt financing would be a proper approach for SMEs owners to maintain full proprietorship as well as management(Abdulsaleh Worthington, 2013). 2. 3. 1 Trade credit According to Garcia-Teruel Martinez-Solano (2010), trade credit is a paying agreement which made by seller and buyer, that allow the buyer to,in a specified period, make a deferred payment after the good or services having been provided. In this way, small firms would have a relatively short-time to arrange its cash flow and eventually overcoming shortage of cash or funds. Moreover, trade credit would be a substitution when other financing techniques unavailable. That is to say, small and medium firms will gain their opportunity of survival. 2. 3. 2 Non-bank financial institution debt Non-bank financial institution’s(NBFI) role of lending is similar as bank financing to a certain extent, their biggest differences are the mode of borrowing audition and the length of the loan terms. Generally speaking, the loans of NBFIs are longer than the duration of the commercial bank,accordingly, they require higher interest rate, and more strict choice of borrowing enterprise credit and collateral. The other role of NBFIs are mainly lending via fixed assets or equipment. 2. 3. 3 Leasing According to BergerUdell (2006), leasing is that the fixed assets are purchased by the lender and then loan to lessee, in the form of rental, under an pre-specified contract which shows that the fixed assets can be bought by borrowers at the end of the leasing. Correspondingly, lender should be responsibility of purchasing item, while, lessee will be responsible for maintenance of equipment. Opaque firms can use leasing to help for their production, this is because that the underwriting decision is  mainly based on the value of leased items, rather than ‘hard’ information, when they have limited money for operating(BergerUdell, 2006). 2. 3. 4 Public debt Although public debt is a possible way of financing for SMEs, but in reality, it is not too widely used. Because it is prohibitive for SMEs to issued public debt in many counties, such as in china. 2. 4 Bank finance for SMEs Financing in bank are variable, it involves financial statement lending, small business credit scoring, asset-based lending, fixed-asset lending, relationship lending and factoring. Unlike other sources of bank-financing, relationship lending mainly depends on the ‘soft’ information collected from SMEs via directly continuous access to the firms and its owner performance(Berger Udell, 2006). While, financial statement lending, asset-based lending and fixed-asset lending are quite similar in the field of evaluating credits and repayment abilities of enterprise. They focus on ‘hard‘ information about the company, such as financial statement, assets, fixed-assets respectively, which may more suitable for SMEs without suffering from information asymmetric. However, small business credit scoring primarily depends on ‘hard’ information about both corporation and its proprietor, and the data about the owner are mainly via their consumer and commercial credit, then there will generate a score after a series of performance evaluation(Berger Udell, 2006). However, factoring is a short-term financing methods that a financial institution or bank purchased the SME’s accounts receivable with pre-specified fees and interests (Soufani, 2002). 2. 5 Government assistance and initiatives In view of great contribution of SMEs in terms of a nation’s employment and GDP, more and more countries implement different forms of financing, such as giving tax exemption policy, providing lower interest of loan and creating a good financing environment, for small and medium-sized enterprises, in order to help its exploitation. 3. Reasons for SME sector facing difficulties of financing 3. 1 Financing environment Financing environment includes not only the financial, legal and the credit rating system, also includes national economy, social environment. SME sector in a developed financing environment is more easy to access to financing, because it provides a more flexibility financial evaluation system, financing channels as well as better rights protection. Moreover, Beck(2005) found that the development of the small firms are more easily affected by the financial, legal, and corruption. Additionally, In a stronger information system, GDP is increased with the increase of bank loans, and the credit crisis and the formal information sharing measures is presented inverse growth (Jappelli and Pagano, 2002). 3. 2 Firm characteristics In the process of SME’s financing, the significant barrier lies in its information opaque. Because of shorter operation time, and small in its size, they could not offer a permanent effective credit history or financial statement, and also unable to provide the high-quality collateral, accordingly leads them to financing difficulties. According to a study conducted by Beck and Demirguc-Kunt (2006), Small businesses were 7% and 3% higher than the large and medium-sized enterprises in terms of the probability of facing financing obstacle. What’s more, Fatoki and Asah (2011) conclude that small and medium-sized enterprises setting up more than five years have a better chance of success in their credit application than those less in five years. In addition, small and medium-sized firms in different industries may choose different types of financing and then encounter different levels of funding constrains. A study analysis 3500 samples which were randomly selected across ten sector of SMEs in UK, and concluded that the length of loan are varies in different industry(Abdulsaleh Worthington,2013 cited in Michaelas et al, 1999). Moreover, collateral has greatly contribution in the process of fund-raising for SMEs, particularly for debt financing. Accordingly, assets structure of a firm is an important factor for financing. Odit and Gobardhun (2011) revealed that SMEs with more tangible assets are more likely to obtain funs because of the ability to mortgage its fixed-asset. 3. 3 Owner-manager’s characteristics Gender of the SMEs’ managers or owners, generally, affect the options of financing sources and fund-raising difficulty to a large extent. Coleman (2007) proved that women entrepreneurs is more vulnerable to discrimination in the process of lending, since they are more often pay higher interest rates, to be required to provide additional collateral to obtain loans. The education levels of owners may be a important factor to deal with financing choices, owners with high degree would successfully to persuade the bankers or capitalists to provide fund for its business or investors think highly of educated owners(Irwin Scott, 2010). This could be proved by a survey conducted by Irwin Scott (2010), they found that the proportion of Advanced-level(23%) and professional, trade or vocational qualifications(21%) managers facing difficulties of financing are quite similar, however, that for O-level and graduate owners present a large gap, with accounting for 19% and 8% respectively. Owning a the higher degree means that owner-mangers may knowledgeable and having ability of scientific management to reasonably use possible financial resources to conquer the financing obstacles that they had encountered. 4. Conclusion In conclude, financing modes varies. Bank-depending lending is primarily based on ‘hard’ information, financial statement, asset lending, factoring as well as the relationship lending etc. while, non-bank financial institutions financing offer tangible-asset lending, such as leasing. Venture capital and business angels is mainly funding in private marketing. Accordingly, other modes,for instance,public equity and public debt, obtain capitals from public marketing. National funding, sometimes, such as low interest loan and subsidizing, helps SME sector to overcome the equity gaps. Even though, there are plenty of funding modes being supplying to SMEs, funding gaps are always affect the development of small and medium-sized firms, whether at its start-up stage, or development stage, or mature stage. For instance, in the early stages, most of the start-up funds are from owners’ savings as well as family or friends help, it is hard for SMEs to obtain external sources of financing as shortage of effective bank records  and opacity information and high risk of failure rate. On the other hand, their own characteristics and the individual elements of its owner-managers are also affect the success or failure of corporate financing, various industries, company size and age, or owner’s gender, education, etc. Also overwhelming factors, such as nation’s financial environment, will lead to varying degrees of equity gap of small and m edium enterprises in different regions and countries.

Service Marketing-Pizza Hut free essay sample

A subsidiary of PepsiCo, Inc. , the company oversees more than 11,000 pizza restaurants and delivery outlets in 90 countries worldwide. In October 1997, the company expected to become a subsidiary of Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc. , formed from the spin-off of PepsiCos restaurant holdings. Pizza Hut was founded in 1958 by brothers Dan and Frank Carney in their hometown of Wichita, Kansas. When a friend suggested opening a pizza parlorthen a raritythey agreed that the idea could prove successful, and they borrowed $600 from their mother to start a business with partner John Bender. Renting a small building at 503 South Bluff in downtown Wichita and purchasing secondhand equipment to make pizzas, the Carneys and Bender opened the first Pizza Hut restaurant; on opening night, they gave pizza away to encourage community interest. A year later, in 1959, Pizza Hut was incorporated in Kansas, and Dick Hassur opened the first franchise unit in Topeka, Kansas. In the early 1960s Pizza Hut grew on the strength of aggressive marketing of the pizza restaurant idea. We will write a custom essay sample on Service Marketing-Pizza Hut or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1962, the Carney brothers bought out the interest held by Bender, and Robert Chisholm joined the company as treasurer. In 1966, when the number of Pizza Hut franchise units had grown to 145, a home office was established to coordinate the businesses from Wichita. Two years later, the first Pizza Hut franchise was opened in Canada. This was followed by the establishment of the International Pizza Hut Franchise Holders Association (IPHFHA). It aimed at acquiring 40 percent of the companys franchise operations, or 120 stores, and adding them to the six outlets wholly owned by Pizza Hut. The acquisitions, however, brought turmoil to the chain. Varied accounting systems used by the previous franchise owners had to be merged into one operating system, a process that took eight months to complete. In the meantime, sales flattened and profits tumbled. In early 1970 Frank Carney decided that the company practice of relying on statistics from its annual report to inform its business strategy was inadequate, and that a more developed, long-term business plan was necessary. The turning point occurred when Pizza Hut went public and began growing at an unprecedented pace. Pizza Huts corporate strategy, arrived at after much consultation and boardroom debate, emerged in 1972. The corporate strategys first priority was increasing sales and profits for the chain. Continuing to build a strong financial base for the company to provide adequate financing for growth was the second priority. The strategy also called for adding new restaurants to the chain in emerging and growing markets. In 1970 Pizza Hut opened units in Munich, Germany, and Sydney, Australia. That same year, the chains 500th restaurant opened, in Nashville, Tennessee. Further acquisitions that year included an 80 percent stake in Ready Italy, a frozen crust maker, and a joint venture, Sunflower Food Processors, formed with Sunflower Beef, Inc. The same year, the menus for all restaurants added sandwiches to the staple Thin n Crispy pizza offering. In 1971 Pizza Hut became the worlds largest pizza chain, according to sales and number of restaurantsthen just more than 1,000 in all. A year later the chain gained a listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Pizza Hut also achieved, for the first time, a one million dollar sales week in the U. S. market. At the end of 1972 Pizza Hut made its long-anticipated offer of 410,000 shares of common stock to the public. The company expanded by purchasing three restaurant divisions: Taco Kid, Next Door, and the Flaming Steer. In addition, Pizza Hut acquired Franchise Services, Inc. , a restaurant supply company, and J G Food Company, Inc. , a food and supplies distributor. The company also added a second distribution center in Peoria, Illinois. In 1973 Pizza Hut expanded further by opening outlets in Japan and Great Britain. Three years later the chain had more than 100 restaurants outside the United States and two thousand units in its franchise network. The companys 2,000th restaurant was opened in Independence, Missouri.

Understanding the Requirements of an MSW Application Essay Sample

Understanding the Requirements of an MSW Application Essay SampleWhen applying for the MSW, a student may want to start with an essay. If the student has not worked on a college essay or something similar before, a good idea is to study how an MSW can benefit the student. The MSW, as well as the MSW, have a set of criteria that must be met. These criteria help the student be successful in the degree program that is being applied for.An MSW application will require a standard essay. The guidelines will vary between colleges, but the common format is a 1-page essay about the student and their career goals. Usually, this is followed by a 2-page personal statement. Students will need to be sure that they are prepared for this type of writing and know all of the requirements of the MSW. For the most part, the essay will be required to be typed, but some colleges may allow for computer-based essays.However, the essay can not be completed in a standard format. An MSW student will receive a manuscript. A single reader will grade the essay based on several criteria. They will look at both grammar and punctuation, a student will receive a point for each topic covered, and one will receive an overall grade. It is important that the student understand the format and how they should prepare their essay. An MSW is an analytical course and requires students to think and reason.One of the biggest benefits of an MSW application essay sample is that there is little to no editing or rewriting needed. This is the perfect application for students who have strong writing and analytical side. Students who do not like to write often have a hard time completing an essay. They may even find that they are not prepared to talk with the reader about their topics. The MSW requires that the student have excellent information and research skills, as well as a keen ability to express themselves. These qualifications will be met through an application essay sample.Most colleges that offer MSW s tudents a sense of completion for their degree will want to see proof of professional achievements and a history of mental health issues. They may request that the student shows them documentation that they have been accepted into counseling or therapy programs, have changed their behavior, or have taken a career and leadership class. In addition, students will need to tell the college if they are currently on medication. Often, this will also be a requirement for filling out the application.In addition to completing the essay, students may wish to write a personal statement that talks about their overall goals, interests, hobbies, and aspirations. This is very important to colleges, as it is one of the few documents that contain the applicant's name and other personal information. Most colleges will require the applicant to present themselves as a person worthy of consideration for the MSW.In general, an MSW application can be completed in about two weeks. They can be completed onl ine, or at the college of the student's choice. If the student does not feel confident about their abilities to write an essay, then it would be wise to spend the extra time studying about the topic.

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Herpes essays

Herpes essays Anyone can get Herpes including males and females. It is usually contracted through sexual contact. New data collected from over 20 countries confirms that Herpes is one of the most widespread sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Approximately 1 in 4 adults is infected with the herpes simplex virus. There are an estimated one million new cases of herpes each year. When infected people come into sexual contact with another person, the herpes virus is spread. The virus sheds in small but contagious amounts of the nerve root without showing any outward signs that the nerve root is infected, this causes for widespread herpes. Herpes is very adept at avoiding the immune system, which is why it easily infects people. Usually develops between 2 to 20 days after contact. Could continue up to 2 weeks. It may be so mild that it goes unnoticed. May talk longer or be less severe in some people, especially in those with partial immunity to the virus. First attack sometimes causes visible sores. Infected area is usually painful and itchy, burning and tingly, during outbreaks. Other symptoms are: Herpes vaccines are expected in 3-5 years. There is no cure. Some drugs such as Valtrex and Acyclovir are proven to be effective in reducing frequency and duration of outbreaks. During outbreaks it is best to keep the infected area as clean and as dry as possible. You should also see a doctor. Yes almost anyone can catch the Herpes virus through sexual or any other contact that involves the transfer of bodily fluids. Herpes affects many people. About 1 in 4 adults are infected with Herpes, wh ...

Blu ray and hd dvd format wars (business strategy case analysis) Essay

Blu ray and hd dvd format wars (business strategy case analysis) - Essay Example Further on, a conclusion is drawn and suggestions are made regarding the steps Sony could have taken to ensure growth and success with the betamax. Sony introduced its first system – Betamax in 1975. This was extremely famous among consumers. Sony had demonstrated Beta – a videotape recording system, to be a single format for all. Sony came up with Betamax, which was developed with the best audio and video quality. They were the first to offer the technology, however they did not give much attention to the requirements of the customers. Sony provided a recording length of less than 60 minutes, which was not enough to record a movie (Format War, 2008). Betamax format focused on quality of recordings not realizing that the consumers’ focus was on recording time and ease information transfer. This was one of the factors that brought the decline of Betamax (Wielage and Woodcock, 1998). Sony was quickly followed by JVC’s Video Home System (VHS), which decided to go with its own format and lead to a format war. Sony faced a lot of competition from many manufacturers like Quasar’s – Great Time Machine, Sanyo’s – V-cord and the biggest competition from JVC’s VHS. The Great time Machine and V- cord eventually faded away, leaving VHS and Betamax battling for years (Moulding, 1996). Sony’s biggest drawback was the fact that they had not done enough research into the markets before they developed the Betamax and they felt that the product would surely sell because it was developed by them. They believed that betamax was strongly backed by their brand name and the quality of the audio and video in the betamax (Sony History, 2008). However, this egoistic approach caused them to loose the format war against JVC’s VHS. This failure due to techno arrogance simply showed Sony’s failure to understand how the technology market really